Some Background
IPTC
Back in the 70's when ties and collars were wide and suits were brown, images were wired across the world on a machine that printed a single row of pixels and a time and could take 30 minutes to send a photo. To help newspapers organise images which were being telephoned in from around the world the International Press Telecommunications Council defined a series of attributes that could be assigned to images.
Leap forward to 1994 and apple worked out a clever way of embedding that information into jpeg and tiff files (to be specific jpeg files with embedded exif data)... back in the day tiff files were 'THE' format for exchanging images on different computers.